Qualitative evaluation by ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS of the phenol fraction from “Cannonau di Sardegna” red wines

Wine research is increasingly focused on chemical composition and quality rather than health-related claims, with polyphenols playing a central role in determining physicochemical and sensory properties. This study aimed to characterize the phenolic fingerprint of Cannonau wines produced under standardized winemaking conditions from grapes cultivated in different areas of Sardinia (Italy). Eight wine samples from Northern, Central, and Southern Sardinia were analyzed. The phenolic profile was investigated using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS), while technological parameters were determined using WineScan™. Multivariate statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares–Discriminant Analysis (PLS–DA), were applied to evaluate differences among samples. The results revealed a complex phenolic composition dominated by flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, phenolic acids, and flavonols. Despite some variability, multivariate analyses did not show a clear discrimination based on geographical origin. Instead, phenolic variability appeared to be more strongly influenced by grape maturity, vineyard management, and microclimatic conditions. These findings contribute to defining the phenolic fingerprint of Cannonau wines and highlight the importance of agronomic and enological factors.