Magnetic resonance imaging of the equine head. An unusual case of squamous cell carcinoma

Aim This work, using MRI images, provides a description of the normal anatomy of the equine head and its pathological modifications in an unusual case of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal and paranasal sinuses involving the brain. Materials and methods A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the left chonco-frontalis and chonco-maxillaris sinuses was diagnosed in a stallion thoroughbred ten years old. Unfortunately, dimensions and characteristics of the neoplasia discouraged surgery and imposed euthanasia. The skull was subsequently imaged in transverse, sagittal and dorsal planes with a 1 Teslamagnet, using T1 and T2 sequences. The structural and anatomical aspects of the neoplastic mass were examined by comparison of MRI scan planes with corresponding sections obtained from healthy horses. Results The resolution and the excellent contrast of the images allowed the clear identification of the anatomic details for a correct interpretation of the involvement of different sites and the infiltration of the neoplasia in the brain. Discussion The limiting factors for the use of MRI in equine medicine are represented by the availability of technically adequate equipment for the examination of subjects of such large size and, obviously, the high cost. Further investigations will be necessary in horses with neurological disease to increase the knowledge of the physiology and the pathology of the equine CNS.