This study has been designed to improve estimation of stroke volume from linear left ventricular (LV) dimensions measured by M-mode echocardiography, in symmetrically contracting ventricles. In experimental studies, the ratio of LV epicardial long/short axes ''Z'' is about 1.3. We measured systolic and diastolic epicardial long and short axes by 2-dimensional echocardiography in 115 adults with widely varying LV short-axis dimensions (LV end-diastolic dimension = 3.95 to 8.3 cm). In a learning series of 23 normotensive and 27 hypertensive subjects, Z(diastole) was 1.3 +/- 0.1 and Z(systole) = 1.2 +/- 0.1, similar to findings in experimental animals. Regression equations were developed by comparing LV volumes by M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography. In a test series (65 subjects), LV volumes were calculated using separate regression equations for end-diastolic volume ([LV end-diastolic dimension](2) 4.765 - 0.288 x posterior wall thickness]) and for end-systolic volume ([LV end-systolic dimension](2)[4.136 - 0.288 x posterior wall thickness]). Because the term 0.288 x wall thickness was only about 8% of the first term between brackets, the average wall thickness in the learning series was substituted in the Z-volume formulas applied to the test series: end-diastolic volume = (4.5 x [LV end-diastolic dimensions](2)) and end-systolic volume = (3.72 x [LV end-diastolic dimension](2)). The mean relative error produced with this simplified method was 0.9% in diastole and 1.4% in systole. Compared with Teichholz' M-mode volume method, Z-derived end-diastolic volume in the test series was equally well related to 2-dimensional volumes (both r = 0.88),with a better intercept (1.5 vs -23 ml, p < 0.001) and a slope closer to the identity line (1.1 vs 1.4). Similar results were found for systolic volumes. In a second test series of 1,721 American Indian participants in the Strong Heart Study without mitral regurgitation or segmental LV wall motion abnormalities, Doppler-derived LV stroke volume (70 +/- 14 ml/beat) was similarly predicted by the Z-derived method (r = 0.65, 70 +/- 11 ml/beat) and Teichholz formulas (r = 0.64, 72 +/- 13 ml/beat), but Z-derived volumes had a regression line significantly closer to the identity line (p < 0.005). Thus, LV chamber and stroke volumes can be determined from M-mode LV diameters over a wide range of LV sizes and in epidemiologic as well as clinical populations. The performance of this new method appears better than that obtained using the Teichholz formula, with a formula that is easy to handle and makes calculation of LV volumes by pocket calculator possible, even from limited echocardiographic studies.
Estimation of left ventricular chamber and stroke volume by limited M-mode echocardiography and validation by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography / Desimone, G; Devereux, Rb; Ganau, Antonello; Hahn, Rt; Saba, Ps; Mureddu, Gf; Roman, Mj; Howard, Bv. - In: THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. - ISSN 0002-9149. - 78:7(1996), pp. 801-807. [10.1016/S0002-9149(96)00425-0]
Estimation of left ventricular chamber and stroke volume by limited M-mode echocardiography and validation by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography
GANAU, Antonello;
1996-01-01
Abstract
This study has been designed to improve estimation of stroke volume from linear left ventricular (LV) dimensions measured by M-mode echocardiography, in symmetrically contracting ventricles. In experimental studies, the ratio of LV epicardial long/short axes ''Z'' is about 1.3. We measured systolic and diastolic epicardial long and short axes by 2-dimensional echocardiography in 115 adults with widely varying LV short-axis dimensions (LV end-diastolic dimension = 3.95 to 8.3 cm). In a learning series of 23 normotensive and 27 hypertensive subjects, Z(diastole) was 1.3 +/- 0.1 and Z(systole) = 1.2 +/- 0.1, similar to findings in experimental animals. Regression equations were developed by comparing LV volumes by M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography. In a test series (65 subjects), LV volumes were calculated using separate regression equations for end-diastolic volume ([LV end-diastolic dimension](2) 4.765 - 0.288 x posterior wall thickness]) and for end-systolic volume ([LV end-systolic dimension](2)[4.136 - 0.288 x posterior wall thickness]). Because the term 0.288 x wall thickness was only about 8% of the first term between brackets, the average wall thickness in the learning series was substituted in the Z-volume formulas applied to the test series: end-diastolic volume = (4.5 x [LV end-diastolic dimensions](2)) and end-systolic volume = (3.72 x [LV end-diastolic dimension](2)). The mean relative error produced with this simplified method was 0.9% in diastole and 1.4% in systole. Compared with Teichholz' M-mode volume method, Z-derived end-diastolic volume in the test series was equally well related to 2-dimensional volumes (both r = 0.88),with a better intercept (1.5 vs -23 ml, p < 0.001) and a slope closer to the identity line (1.1 vs 1.4). Similar results were found for systolic volumes. In a second test series of 1,721 American Indian participants in the Strong Heart Study without mitral regurgitation or segmental LV wall motion abnormalities, Doppler-derived LV stroke volume (70 +/- 14 ml/beat) was similarly predicted by the Z-derived method (r = 0.65, 70 +/- 11 ml/beat) and Teichholz formulas (r = 0.64, 72 +/- 13 ml/beat), but Z-derived volumes had a regression line significantly closer to the identity line (p < 0.005). Thus, LV chamber and stroke volumes can be determined from M-mode LV diameters over a wide range of LV sizes and in epidemiologic as well as clinical populations. The performance of this new method appears better than that obtained using the Teichholz formula, with a formula that is easy to handle and makes calculation of LV volumes by pocket calculator possible, even from limited echocardiographic studies.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.