In May 1947, as a result of international pressure and tension with the Christian Democrats, the Italian Communist Party (PCI) left the coalition government charged with transforming Italy into a democratic republic after the downfall of fascism. In the years of the Cold War and the affirmation of centrism, the reform of the school were not considered on the agenda in the Communist Party, which was committed to close ranks and to respond to attacks by moderates. Thanks to the influence of Gramsci’s work, especially during the 1950s and ’60s, the leaders of the PCI developed a new vision for the Italian school. The aim of education would now be focused upon the improvement of literacy among Italians, in a comprehensive, rather than selective, school (’scuola media unica’). This article highlights contradictions and tensions both between the PCI and government forces and within left movements themselves. The ’struggle’ lasted more than fifteen years and, by the end of 1962, a new middle school was established by law.
Nel maggio del 1947 il Partito comunista italiano lasciava la coalizione di governo impegnata nella transizione dell’Italia dal fascimo alla democrazia a seguito delle pressioni internazionali e delle tensioni con la Democrazia cristiana. Negli anni della guerra fredda e dell’affermarsi del centrismo, la riforma della scuola non erano considerate all’ordine del giorno nel Pci, impegnato a serrare le fila e a rispondere agli attacchi provenienti dalle forze moderate. Grazie alla riscoperta del pensiero di Gramsci, meglio conosciuto negli anni ’50 e ’60, la classe dirigente del Pci portò avanti una nuova visione di scuola. Lo scopo dell’educazione doveva essere il miglioramento dell’alfabetizzazione degli italiani, secondo una logica di scuola comprensiva e non selettiva (la scuola media unica). Questo articolo sottolinea le contraddizioni e le tensioni sia tra il Pci e le forze di governo, sia nella sinistra. La lotta per una nuova scuola è durata più di quindici anni e alla fine del 1962 la nuova scuola media venne istituita per legge.
Il PCI e la riforma della scuola media unica (parte seconda) / Pruneri, Fabio. - In: NUOVO BOLLETTINO CIRSE. - ISSN 1972-6562. - 2:(2013), pp. 55-65.
Il PCI e la riforma della scuola media unica (parte seconda)
PRUNERI, Fabio
2013-01-01
Abstract
In May 1947, as a result of international pressure and tension with the Christian Democrats, the Italian Communist Party (PCI) left the coalition government charged with transforming Italy into a democratic republic after the downfall of fascism. In the years of the Cold War and the affirmation of centrism, the reform of the school were not considered on the agenda in the Communist Party, which was committed to close ranks and to respond to attacks by moderates. Thanks to the influence of Gramsci’s work, especially during the 1950s and ’60s, the leaders of the PCI developed a new vision for the Italian school. The aim of education would now be focused upon the improvement of literacy among Italians, in a comprehensive, rather than selective, school (’scuola media unica’). This article highlights contradictions and tensions both between the PCI and government forces and within left movements themselves. The ’struggle’ lasted more than fifteen years and, by the end of 1962, a new middle school was established by law.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.