Background: Our aim was to estimate the rates of not achieving a robust/above-average humoral response to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH) who received ≥2 doses and to investigate the role of the CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting the humoral response. Methods: We evaluated the humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 response 1-month after the second and third doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine as a proportion of not achieving a robust/above-average response using two criteria: (i) a humoral threshold identified as a correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 (<90% vaccine efficacy): anti-RBD < 775 BAU/mL or anti-S < 298 BAU/mL, (ii) threshold of binding antibodies equivalent to average neutralization activity from the levels of binding (nAb titer < 1:40): anti-RBD < 870 BAU/mL or anti-S < 1591 BAU/mL. PLWH were stratified according to the CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio at first dose. Logistic regression was used to compare the probability of not achieving robust/above-average responses. A mixed linear model was used to estimate the mean anti-RBD titer at various time points across the exposure groups. Results: a total of 1176 PLWH were included. The proportions of participants failing to achieve a robust/above-average response were significantly higher in participants with a lower CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio, specifically, a clearer gradient was observed for the CD4 count. The CD4 count was a better predictor of the humoral response of the primary cycle than ratio. The third dose was pivotal in achieving a robust/above-average humoral response, at least for PLWH with CD4 > 200 cells/mm3 and a ratio > 0.6. Conclusions: A robust humoral response after a booster dose has not been reached by 50% of PLWH with CD4 < 200 cells mm3. In the absence of a validated correlate of protections in the Omicron era, the CD4 count remains the most solid marker to guide vaccination campaigns in PLWH.

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Response in People Living with HIV According to CD4 Count and CD4/CD8 Ratio / Vergori, Alessandra; Tavelli, Alessandro; Matusali, Giulia; Azzini, Anna Maria; Augello, Matteo; Mazzotta, Valentina; Pellicanò, Giovanni Francesco; Costantini, Andrea; Cascio, Antonio; De Vito, Andrea; Marconi, Lorenzo; Righi, Elda; Sartor, Assunta; Pinnetti, Carmela; Maggi, Fabrizio; Bai, Francesca; Lanini, Simone; Piconi, Stefania; Levy Hara, Gabriel; Marchetti, Giulia; Giannella, Maddalena; Tacconelli, Evelina; d'Arminio Monforte, Antonella; Antinori, Andrea; Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro; On Behalf Of The Vax-Icona-Orchestra Study, Null. - In: VACCINES. - ISSN 2076-393X. - 11:11(2023). [10.3390/vaccines11111664]

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Response in People Living with HIV According to CD4 Count and CD4/CD8 Ratio

De Vito, Andrea;
2023-01-01

Abstract

Background: Our aim was to estimate the rates of not achieving a robust/above-average humoral response to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH) who received ≥2 doses and to investigate the role of the CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting the humoral response. Methods: We evaluated the humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 response 1-month after the second and third doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine as a proportion of not achieving a robust/above-average response using two criteria: (i) a humoral threshold identified as a correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 (<90% vaccine efficacy): anti-RBD < 775 BAU/mL or anti-S < 298 BAU/mL, (ii) threshold of binding antibodies equivalent to average neutralization activity from the levels of binding (nAb titer < 1:40): anti-RBD < 870 BAU/mL or anti-S < 1591 BAU/mL. PLWH were stratified according to the CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio at first dose. Logistic regression was used to compare the probability of not achieving robust/above-average responses. A mixed linear model was used to estimate the mean anti-RBD titer at various time points across the exposure groups. Results: a total of 1176 PLWH were included. The proportions of participants failing to achieve a robust/above-average response were significantly higher in participants with a lower CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio, specifically, a clearer gradient was observed for the CD4 count. The CD4 count was a better predictor of the humoral response of the primary cycle than ratio. The third dose was pivotal in achieving a robust/above-average humoral response, at least for PLWH with CD4 > 200 cells/mm3 and a ratio > 0.6. Conclusions: A robust humoral response after a booster dose has not been reached by 50% of PLWH with CD4 < 200 cells mm3. In the absence of a validated correlate of protections in the Omicron era, the CD4 count remains the most solid marker to guide vaccination campaigns in PLWH.
2023
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Response in People Living with HIV According to CD4 Count and CD4/CD8 Ratio / Vergori, Alessandra; Tavelli, Alessandro; Matusali, Giulia; Azzini, Anna Maria; Augello, Matteo; Mazzotta, Valentina; Pellicanò, Giovanni Francesco; Costantini, Andrea; Cascio, Antonio; De Vito, Andrea; Marconi, Lorenzo; Righi, Elda; Sartor, Assunta; Pinnetti, Carmela; Maggi, Fabrizio; Bai, Francesca; Lanini, Simone; Piconi, Stefania; Levy Hara, Gabriel; Marchetti, Giulia; Giannella, Maddalena; Tacconelli, Evelina; d'Arminio Monforte, Antonella; Antinori, Andrea; Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro; On Behalf Of The Vax-Icona-Orchestra Study, Null. - In: VACCINES. - ISSN 2076-393X. - 11:11(2023). [10.3390/vaccines11111664]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11388/321051
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