Lead-free (Ba0.92Ca0.08) (Ti0.95 Zr0.05) O3 (BCZT) ceramics were prepared by a solid-state route (SSR) using ultra-low synthesis (700 °C/30 min and 700 °C/2 h) and sintering temperatures (from 1150 °C to 1280 °C), due to prior activation and homogenization by attrition milling of the starting high purity raw materials for 6 h before the synthesis and of the calcined powders for 3 h before the sintering. The comparison of the thermal analysis of the mixture of the starting raw materials and the same mixture after 6 h attrition milling allowed to evidence the mechanisms of activation, resulting in a significant decrease of the perovskite formation temperature (from 854 °C down to 582 °C). The secondary phases that limit the functional properties of the ceramic and their evolution with the sintering conditions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which allowed the design of a two-step sintering method to eliminate them. A pure tetragonal BCZT perovskite phase (P4mm, c/a = 1.004) and homogeneous ceramic microstructure was obtained for synthesis at 700 °C for 2 h and sintering with the use of a two-step sintering treatment (900 °C for 3 h and 1280 °C for 6 h). The best electromechanical properties achieved were d33 = 455 pC/N, kp = 35%, Qm = 155.

Solid State Processing of BCZT Piezoceramics Using Ultra Low Synthesis and Sintering Temperatures / Mureddu, M.; Bartolome, J. F.; Lopez-Esteban, S.; Dore, M.; Enzo, S.; Garcia, A.; Garroni, S.; Pardo, L.. - In: MATERIALS. - ISSN 1996-1944. - 16:3(2023), p. 945. [10.3390/ma16030945]

Solid State Processing of BCZT Piezoceramics Using Ultra Low Synthesis and Sintering Temperatures

Mureddu M.;Dore M.;Enzo S.;Garroni S.;
2023-01-01

Abstract

Lead-free (Ba0.92Ca0.08) (Ti0.95 Zr0.05) O3 (BCZT) ceramics were prepared by a solid-state route (SSR) using ultra-low synthesis (700 °C/30 min and 700 °C/2 h) and sintering temperatures (from 1150 °C to 1280 °C), due to prior activation and homogenization by attrition milling of the starting high purity raw materials for 6 h before the synthesis and of the calcined powders for 3 h before the sintering. The comparison of the thermal analysis of the mixture of the starting raw materials and the same mixture after 6 h attrition milling allowed to evidence the mechanisms of activation, resulting in a significant decrease of the perovskite formation temperature (from 854 °C down to 582 °C). The secondary phases that limit the functional properties of the ceramic and their evolution with the sintering conditions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which allowed the design of a two-step sintering method to eliminate them. A pure tetragonal BCZT perovskite phase (P4mm, c/a = 1.004) and homogeneous ceramic microstructure was obtained for synthesis at 700 °C for 2 h and sintering with the use of a two-step sintering treatment (900 °C for 3 h and 1280 °C for 6 h). The best electromechanical properties achieved were d33 = 455 pC/N, kp = 35%, Qm = 155.
2023
Solid State Processing of BCZT Piezoceramics Using Ultra Low Synthesis and Sintering Temperatures / Mureddu, M.; Bartolome, J. F.; Lopez-Esteban, S.; Dore, M.; Enzo, S.; Garcia, A.; Garroni, S.; Pardo, L.. - In: MATERIALS. - ISSN 1996-1944. - 16:3(2023), p. 945. [10.3390/ma16030945]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11388/315655
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