Due to the ever-increasing limitations of the use of lead-based materials, the manufacturing of lead-free piezoceramics with competitive piezoelectric properties and established nontoxicity is considered a priority for the scientific and industrial community. In this work, a lead-free system based on sodium potassium niobate (KNN), opportunely modified with MgNb2O6 (MN), was prepared through a combination of a mechanochemical activation method and air sintering, and its toxicity was evaluated. The effect of the mechanical processing on the microstructure refinement of the processed powders was established by X-ray diffraction and the average crystallite size content of the Nb2O5 species was evaluated. The experimental evidence was rationalized using a phenomenological model which permitted us to obtain the amount of powder processed at each collision and to optimize the activation step of the pre-calcined reagents. This influenced the final density and piezoresponse of the as-sintered pellets, which showed optimal properties compared with other KNN systems. Their toxicological potential was evaluated through exposure experiments to the pulverized KNN-based pellets, employing two widely used human and environmental cellular models. The in vitro assays proved, under the selected conditions, the absence of cytotoxicity of KNN-bases systems here studied.

Processing Optimization and Toxicological Evaluation of "Lead-Free" Piezoceramics: A KNN-Based Case Study / Iacomini, Antonio; Tamayo-Ramos, Juan Antonio; Rumbo, Carlos; Urgen, Irem; Mureddu, Marzia; Mulas, Gabriele; Enzo, Stefano; Garroni, Sebastiano. - In: MATERIALS. - ISSN 1996-1944. - 14:15(2021), p. 4337. [10.3390/ma14154337]

Processing Optimization and Toxicological Evaluation of "Lead-Free" Piezoceramics: A KNN-Based Case Study

Iacomini, Antonio
;
Mureddu, Marzia;Mulas, Gabriele;Enzo, Stefano;Garroni, Sebastiano
2021-01-01

Abstract

Due to the ever-increasing limitations of the use of lead-based materials, the manufacturing of lead-free piezoceramics with competitive piezoelectric properties and established nontoxicity is considered a priority for the scientific and industrial community. In this work, a lead-free system based on sodium potassium niobate (KNN), opportunely modified with MgNb2O6 (MN), was prepared through a combination of a mechanochemical activation method and air sintering, and its toxicity was evaluated. The effect of the mechanical processing on the microstructure refinement of the processed powders was established by X-ray diffraction and the average crystallite size content of the Nb2O5 species was evaluated. The experimental evidence was rationalized using a phenomenological model which permitted us to obtain the amount of powder processed at each collision and to optimize the activation step of the pre-calcined reagents. This influenced the final density and piezoresponse of the as-sintered pellets, which showed optimal properties compared with other KNN systems. Their toxicological potential was evaluated through exposure experiments to the pulverized KNN-based pellets, employing two widely used human and environmental cellular models. The in vitro assays proved, under the selected conditions, the absence of cytotoxicity of KNN-bases systems here studied.
2021
Processing Optimization and Toxicological Evaluation of "Lead-Free" Piezoceramics: A KNN-Based Case Study / Iacomini, Antonio; Tamayo-Ramos, Juan Antonio; Rumbo, Carlos; Urgen, Irem; Mureddu, Marzia; Mulas, Gabriele; Enzo, Stefano; Garroni, Sebastiano. - In: MATERIALS. - ISSN 1996-1944. - 14:15(2021), p. 4337. [10.3390/ma14154337]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11388/303767
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