Precision measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays from rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the alpha magnetic spectrometer on the International space station

Aguilar, M; Aisa, D; Alpat, B; Alvino, A; Ambrosi, G; Andeen, K; Arruda, L; Attig, N; Azzarello, P; Bachlechner, A; Barao, F; Barrau, A; Barrin, L; Bartoloni, A; Basara, L; Battarbee, M; Battiston, R; Bazo, J; Becker, U; Behlmann, M; Beischer, B; Berdugo, J; Bertucci, B; Bigongiari, G; Bindi, V; Bizzaglia, S; Bizzarri, M; Boella, G; de Boer, W; Bollweg, K; Bonnivard, V; Borgia, B; Borsini, S; Boschini, Mj; Bourquin, M; Burger, J; Cadoux, F; Cai, Xd; Capell, M; Caroff, S; Casaus, J; Cascioli, V; Castellini, G; Cernuda, I; Cerreta, D; Cervelli, F; Chae, Mj; Chang, Yh; Chen, Ai; Chen, H; Cheng, Gm; Chen, Hs; Cheng, L; Chou, Hy; Choumilov, E; Choutko, V; Chung, Ch; Clark, C; Clavero, R; Coignet, G; Consolandi, C; Contin, A; Corti, C; Gil, Ec; Coste, B; Creus, W; Crispoltoni, M; Cui, Z; Dai, Ym; Delgado, C; Della Torre, S; Demirkoz, Mb; Derome, L; Di Falco, S; Di Masso, L; Dimiccoli, F; Diaz, C; von Doetinchem, P; Donnini, F; Wj, Du; Duranti, M; D'Urso, D; Eline, A; Eppling, Fj; Eronen, T; Fan, Yy; Farnesini, L; Feng, J; Fiandrini, E; Fiasson, A; Finch, E; Fisher, P; Galaktionov, Y; Gallucci, G; Garcia, B; Garcia-Lopez, R; Gargiulo, C; Gast, H; Gebauer, I; Gervasi, M; Ghelfi, A; Gillard, W; Giovacchini, F; Goglov, P; Gong, J; Goy, C; Grabski, V; Grandi, D; Graziani, M; Guandalini, C; Guerri, I; Guo, Kh; Haas, D; Habiby, M; Haino, S; Han, Kc; Zh, He; Heil, M; Hoffman, J; Hsieh, Th; Huang, Zc; Huh, C; Incagli, M; Ionica, M; Jang, Wy; Jinchi, H; Kanishev, K; Kim, Gn; Kim, Ks; Kirn, T; Kossakowski, R; Kounina, O; Kounine, A; Koutsenko, V; Krafczyk, Ms; La Vacca, G; Laudi, E; Laurenti, G; Lazzizzera, I; Lebedev, A; Lee, Ht; Lee, Sc; Leluc, C; Levi, G; Hl, Li; Jq, Li; Q, Li; Q, Li; Tx, Li; W, Li; Y, Li; Zh, Li; Zy, Li; Lim, S; Lin, Ch; Lipari, P; Lippert, T; Liu, D; Liu, H; Lolli, M; Lomtadze, T; Mj, Lu; Sq, Lu; Ys, Lu; Luebelsmeyer, K; Luo, Jz; Ss, Lv; Majka, R; Mana, C; Marin, J; Martin, T; Martinez, G; Masi, N; Maurin, D; Menchaca-Rocha, A; Meng, Q; Dc, Mo; Morescalchi, L; Mott, P; Muller, M; Jq, Ni; Nikonov, N; Nozzoli, F; Nunes, P; Obermeier, A; Oliva, A; Orcinha, M; Palmonari, F; Palomares, C; Paniccia, M; Papi, A; Pauluzzi, M; Pedreschi, E; Pensotti, S; Pereira, R; Picot-Clemente, N; Pilo, F; Piluso, A; Pizzolotto, C; Plyaskin, V; Pohl, M; Poireau, V; Postaci, E; Putze, A; Quadrani, L; Xm, Qi; Qin, X; Zy, Qu; Raiha, T; Rancoita, Pg; Rapin, D; Ricol, Js; Rodriguez, I; Rosier-Lees, S; Rozhkov, A; Rozza, D; Sagdeev, R; Sandweiss, J; Saouter, P; Sbarra, C; Schael, S; Schmidt, Sm; von Dratzig AS,; Schwering, G; Scolieri, G; Seo, Es; Shan, Bs; Shan, Yh; Shi, Jy; Shi, Xy; Shi, Ym; Siedenburg, T; Son, D; Spada, F; Spinella, F; Sun, W; Sun, Wh; Tacconi, M; Tang, Cp; Tang, Xw; Tang, Zc; Tao, L; Tescaro, D; Scc, Ting; Ting, Sm; Tomassetti, N; Torsti, J; Turkoglu, C; Urban, T; Vagelli, V; Valente, E; Vannini, C; Valtonen, E; Vaurynovich, S; Vecchi, M; Velasco, M; Vialle, Jp; Vitale, V; Vitillo, S; Wang, Lq; Wang, Nh; Wang, Ql; Wang, Rs; Wang, X; Wang, Zx; Weng, Zl; Whitman, K; Wienkenhover, J; H, Wu; X, Wu; Xia, X; Xie, M; Xie, S; Xiong, Rq; Xin, Gm; Ns, Xu; W, Xu; Yan, Q; Yang, J; Yang, M; Qh, Ye; H, Yi; Yj, Yu; Zq, Yu; Zeissler, S; Zhang, Jh; Zhang, Mt; Zhang, Xb; Zhang, Z; Zheng, Zm; Zhuang, Hl; Zhukov, V; Zichichi, A; Zimmermann, N; Zuccon, P; Zurbach, C

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.171103

A precise measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays with rigidity (momentum/charge) from 1 GV to 1.8 TV is presented based on 300 million events. Knowledge of the rigidity dependence of the proton flux is important in understanding the origin, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. We present the detailed variation with rigidity of the flux spectral index for the first time. The spectral index progressively hardens at high rigidities.

Precision measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays from rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the alpha magnetic spectrometer on the International space station / Aguilar, M; Aisa, D; Alpat, B; Alvino, A; Ambrosi, G; Andeen, K; Arruda, L; Attig, N; Azzarello, P; Bachlechner, A; Barao, F; Barrau, A; Barrin, L; Bartoloni, A; Basara, L; Battarbee, M; Battiston, R; Bazo, J; Becker, U; Behlmann, M; Beischer, B; Berdugo, J; Bertucci, B; Bigongiari, G; Bindi, V; Bizzaglia, S; Bizzarri, M; Boella, G; de Boer, W; Bollweg, K; Bonnivard, V; Borgia, B; Borsini, S; Boschini, Mj; Bourquin, M; Burger, J; Cadoux, F; Cai, Xd; Capell, M; Caroff, S; Casaus, J; Cascioli, V; Castellini, G; Cernuda, I; Cerreta, D; Cervelli, F; Chae, Mj; Chang, Yh; Chen, Ai; Chen, H; Cheng, Gm; Chen, Hs; Cheng, L; Chou, Hy; Choumilov, E; Choutko, V; Chung, Ch; Clark, C; Clavero, R; Coignet, G; Consolandi, C; Contin, A; Corti, C; Gil, Ec; Coste, B; Creus, W; Crispoltoni, M; Cui, Z; Dai, Ym; Delgado, C; Della Torre, S; Demirkoz, Mb; Derome, L; Di Falco, S; Di Masso, L; Dimiccoli, F; Diaz, C; von Doetinchem, P; Donnini, F; Du, Wj; Duranti, M; D'Urso, D; Eline, A; Eppling, Fj; Eronen, T; Fan, Yy; Farnesini, L; Feng, J; Fiandrini, E; Fiasson, A; Finch, E; Fisher, P; Galaktionov, Y; Gallucci, G; Garcia, B; Garcia-Lopez, R; Gargiulo, C; Gast, H; Gebauer, I; Gervasi, M; Ghelfi, A; Gillard, W; Giovacchini, F; Goglov, P; Gong, J; Goy, C; Grabski, V; Grandi, D; Graziani, M; Guandalini, C; Guerri, I; Guo, Kh; Haas, D; Habiby, M; Haino, S; Han, Kc; He, Zh; Heil, M; Hoffman, J; Hsieh, Th; Huang, Zc; Huh, C; Incagli, M; Ionica, M; Jang, Wy; Jinchi, H; Kanishev, K; Kim, Gn; Kim, Ks; Kirn, T; Kossakowski, R; Kounina, O; Kounine, A; Koutsenko, V; Krafczyk, Ms; La Vacca, G; Laudi, E; Laurenti, G; Lazzizzera, I; Lebedev, A; Lee, Ht; Lee, Sc; Leluc, C; Levi, G; Li, Hl; Li, Jq; Li, Q; Li, Q; Li, Tx; Li, W; Li, Y; Li, Zh; Li, Zy; Lim, S; Lin, Ch; Lipari, P; Lippert, T; Liu, D; Liu, H; Lolli, M; Lomtadze, T; Lu, Mj; Lu, Sq; Lu, Ys; Luebelsmeyer, K; Luo, Jz; Lv, Ss; Majka, R; Mana, C; Marin, J; Martin, T; Martinez, G; Masi, N; Maurin, D; Menchaca-Rocha, A; Meng, Q; Mo, Dc; Morescalchi, L; Mott, P; Muller, M; Ni, Jq; Nikonov, N; Nozzoli, F; Nunes, P; Obermeier, A; Oliva, A; Orcinha, M; Palmonari, F; Palomares, C; Paniccia, M; Papi, A; Pauluzzi, M; Pedreschi, E; Pensotti, S; Pereira, R; Picot-Clemente, N; Pilo, F; Piluso, A; Pizzolotto, C; Plyaskin, V; Pohl, M; Poireau, V; Postaci, E; Putze, A; Quadrani, L; Qi, Xm; Qin, X; Qu, Zy; Raiha, T; Rancoita, Pg; Rapin, D; Ricol, Js; Rodriguez, I; Rosier-Lees, S; Rozhkov, A; Rozza, D; Sagdeev, R; Sandweiss, J; Saouter, P; Sbarra, C; Schael, S; Schmidt, Sm; von Dratzig, As; Schwering, G; Scolieri, G; Seo, Es; Shan, Bs; Shan, Yh; Shi, Jy; Shi, Xy; Shi, Ym; Siedenburg, T; Son, D; Spada, F; Spinella, F; Sun, W; Sun, Wh; Tacconi, M; Tang, Cp; Tang, Xw; Tang, Zc; Tao, L; Tescaro, D; Ting, Scc; Ting, Sm; Tomassetti, N; Torsti, J; Turkoglu, C; Urban, T; Vagelli, V; Valente, E; Vannini, C; Valtonen, E; Vaurynovich, S; Vecchi, M; Velasco, M; Vialle, Jp; Vitale, V; Vitillo, S; Wang, Lq; Wang, Nh; Wang, Ql; Wang, Rs; Wang, X; Wang, Zx; Weng, Zl; Whitman, K; Wienkenhover, J; Wu, H; Wu, X; Xia, X; Xie, M; Xie, S; Xiong, Rq; Xin, Gm; Xu, Ns; Xu, W; Yan, Q; Yang, J; Yang, M; Ye, Qh; Yi, H; Yu, Yj; Yu, Zq; Zeissler, S; Zhang, Jh; Zhang, Mt; Zhang, Xb; Zhang, Z; Zheng, Zm; Zhuang, Hl; Zhukov, V; Zichichi, A; Zimmermann, N; Zuccon, P; Zurbach, C. - In: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. - ISSN 0031-9007. - 114:17(2015). [10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.171103]