Three clinoptilolite-based materials, having Pb2+/NH4+ ratios of 1.60, 0.56 and 0.16, were prepared starting from a powder containing ≈90% of NH4-clinoptilolite. The samples were submitted to a set of thermal treatments of 2 hours up to 1000 °C. Further treatments were performed at 900 and 1000°C for 4, 8, 16 and 32 h. (NH4, Pb)-clinoptilolite underwent dehydration, de-ammoniation, and dehydroxylation, the latter accompanied by amorphization that occurred between 600-700°C, whereas crystallization of new phases started at 800-900°C. The products, obtained through solid state reactions, were: i) Pb-feldspar + cristobalite/tridymite + glass, when Pb2+/NH4+ ≥ 0.16; ii) mullite + cristobalite/tridymite + glass, when 0 ≤ Pb2+/NH4+ ≤ 1.60, hence both Pb-feldspar and mullite were obtained for 0.16 ≤ Pb2+/NH4+ ≤ 1.60. XRD data showed that, for a given composition, temperature and duration of the heating influenced the quantity of the phases formed, but also the occupancy of Pb- and T-sites of Pb-feldspar. Crystalline products (amorphous 10-12%) were obtained from all samples. When Pb2+/NH4+ ≥ 0.56, the highest amounts of Pb-feldspar and the lowest quantities of residual glass were recorded after 32 h at 900 °C, but a 2-hour treatment at 1000 °C allowed to speed up the transformation, confining over 70% of lead within feldspar. The sample with Pb2+/NH4+ = 0.16 required 32 h at 1000 °C to reduce glass at 10%, but most of the lead (≈ 70%) remained in the amorphous fraction.

Solid state transformations of (NH4,Pb)-clinoptilolite through heating / Brundu, Antonio; Sale, Eleonora; Cerri, Guido. - In: MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS. - ISSN 1387-1811. - 267:(2018), pp. 164-170. [10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.03.026]

Solid state transformations of (NH4,Pb)-clinoptilolite through heating

Antonio Brundu;Eleonora Sale;Guido Cerri
2018-01-01

Abstract

Three clinoptilolite-based materials, having Pb2+/NH4+ ratios of 1.60, 0.56 and 0.16, were prepared starting from a powder containing ≈90% of NH4-clinoptilolite. The samples were submitted to a set of thermal treatments of 2 hours up to 1000 °C. Further treatments were performed at 900 and 1000°C for 4, 8, 16 and 32 h. (NH4, Pb)-clinoptilolite underwent dehydration, de-ammoniation, and dehydroxylation, the latter accompanied by amorphization that occurred between 600-700°C, whereas crystallization of new phases started at 800-900°C. The products, obtained through solid state reactions, were: i) Pb-feldspar + cristobalite/tridymite + glass, when Pb2+/NH4+ ≥ 0.16; ii) mullite + cristobalite/tridymite + glass, when 0 ≤ Pb2+/NH4+ ≤ 1.60, hence both Pb-feldspar and mullite were obtained for 0.16 ≤ Pb2+/NH4+ ≤ 1.60. XRD data showed that, for a given composition, temperature and duration of the heating influenced the quantity of the phases formed, but also the occupancy of Pb- and T-sites of Pb-feldspar. Crystalline products (amorphous 10-12%) were obtained from all samples. When Pb2+/NH4+ ≥ 0.56, the highest amounts of Pb-feldspar and the lowest quantities of residual glass were recorded after 32 h at 900 °C, but a 2-hour treatment at 1000 °C allowed to speed up the transformation, confining over 70% of lead within feldspar. The sample with Pb2+/NH4+ = 0.16 required 32 h at 1000 °C to reduce glass at 10%, but most of the lead (≈ 70%) remained in the amorphous fraction.
2018
Solid state transformations of (NH4,Pb)-clinoptilolite through heating / Brundu, Antonio; Sale, Eleonora; Cerri, Guido. - In: MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS. - ISSN 1387-1811. - 267:(2018), pp. 164-170. [10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.03.026]
File in questo prodotto:
Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11388/205532
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 4
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 4
social impact