The conventional cultivation of globe artichoke causes high nitrogen (N) balance surpluses. The planning of more sustainable open-field horticultural systems (with no synthetic fertilizer supply) can contribute to the reduction of the nutrient surplus. We hypothesized that an artichoke conventional system could be shifted to a sustainable system through mineral fertilizer supply based on expected plant nutrient uptake, return of crop residues in well-defined growth phases, use of fertility-building crops, and crop rotations. Over a 10-year field experiment, three management systems, differing in fertilizer rates, crop sequence (monoculture/rotation with cauliflower), and legume cover crop adoption and management, were compared: (i) improved conventional, (ii) alternative monoculture, and (iii) biannual rotation. We monitored soil conditions at a sampling interval of approximately 3 years. We calculated gross N, P, and K balances for each growing season, and we also monitored soil respiration over the last two growing seasons. On average, the biannual rotation resulted in a well-balanced N budget (72 kg haâ1N surplus) compared with improved conventional (160 kg N haâ1N surplus) and alternative monoculture (â 34 kg haâ1deficit) systems. By contrast, compared with the improved conventional system (133 and 116 kg haâ1for P and K budgets, respectively), alternative monoculture and biannual rotation systems had negative budgets for P (â 9 kg haâ1for both alternative systems) and K (â 58 and â 51 kg haâ1for alternative monoculture and biannual rotation systems, respectively) in nine of ten growing seasons. Our results show for the first time that long-term biannual rotation with cauliflower coupled with cover crop use can optimize nutrient fluxes of conventionally grown globe artichoke. Overall, the study proposes a re-design of artichoke cropping systems, provides novel information useful for growers, and verifies that introducing a legume species cover crop is also the most promising approach to foster long-term sustainability.
Stable nutrient flows in sustainable and alternative cropping systems of globe artichoke / Deligios, Paola A.; Tiloca, Maria Teresa; Sulas, Leonardo; Buffa, Martina; Caraffini, Stefano; Doro, Luca; Sanna, Gavino; Spanu, Emanuela; Spissu, Ester; Urracci, Giulia R.; Ledda, Luigi. - In: AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. - ISSN 1774-0746. - 37:6(2017). [10.1007/s13593-017-0465-3]
Stable nutrient flows in sustainable and alternative cropping systems of globe artichoke
Deligios, Paola A.;Tiloca, Maria Teresa;Buffa, Martina;Caraffini, Stefano;Spanu, Emanuela;Spissu, Ester;Urracci, Giulia R.;Ledda, Luigi
2017-01-01
Abstract
The conventional cultivation of globe artichoke causes high nitrogen (N) balance surpluses. The planning of more sustainable open-field horticultural systems (with no synthetic fertilizer supply) can contribute to the reduction of the nutrient surplus. We hypothesized that an artichoke conventional system could be shifted to a sustainable system through mineral fertilizer supply based on expected plant nutrient uptake, return of crop residues in well-defined growth phases, use of fertility-building crops, and crop rotations. Over a 10-year field experiment, three management systems, differing in fertilizer rates, crop sequence (monoculture/rotation with cauliflower), and legume cover crop adoption and management, were compared: (i) improved conventional, (ii) alternative monoculture, and (iii) biannual rotation. We monitored soil conditions at a sampling interval of approximately 3 years. We calculated gross N, P, and K balances for each growing season, and we also monitored soil respiration over the last two growing seasons. On average, the biannual rotation resulted in a well-balanced N budget (72 kg haâ1N surplus) compared with improved conventional (160 kg N haâ1N surplus) and alternative monoculture (â 34 kg haâ1deficit) systems. By contrast, compared with the improved conventional system (133 and 116 kg haâ1for P and K budgets, respectively), alternative monoculture and biannual rotation systems had negative budgets for P (â 9 kg haâ1for both alternative systems) and K (â 58 and â 51 kg haâ1for alternative monoculture and biannual rotation systems, respectively) in nine of ten growing seasons. Our results show for the first time that long-term biannual rotation with cauliflower coupled with cover crop use can optimize nutrient fluxes of conventionally grown globe artichoke. Overall, the study proposes a re-design of artichoke cropping systems, provides novel information useful for growers, and verifies that introducing a legume species cover crop is also the most promising approach to foster long-term sustainability.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.