No longer used to a high degree of naturalness, developed countries find are unprepared for the return of many animal species that disappeared following harsh persecution. In particular, the return of large carnivores to human-dominated landscapes opens up new scenarios and new challenges for coexistence. Investigating the ecology of the wolf with a consideration of its temporal and spatial dimensions, harnessing the industry's advanced technology as GPS telemetry or camera traps, would allow for a better understanding of the ecology of this predator even in the most anthropised and least studied contexts, providing useful management implications for different situations, with the aim of improving conflict mitigation measures. In Chapters 1 and 2 I studied the recolonisation of a wolf population and the spatial ecology on a large and fine scale, considering environmental factors such as the degree of anthropisation and the level of naturalness. In Chapters 3 and 4, I studied the wolf's predatory behaviour and the dissuasion of a particularly bold individual using rubber bullets. An overall interpretation of the results showed that the wolf tends to avoid spatial overlap with humans, but that once it has reached high densities and can no longer avoid them, it lives with them by exploiting human derived resources. It is likely that the mitigation measures promoted and implemented so far are no longer sufficient or suitable to reduce the human-wolf conflict, which is shifting from the rural environment to large human settlements. This evidence should be considered if the conflict is to be mitigated effectively. The finding that anthropogenic resources in some contexts have influenced the ecological role of this opportunistic, generalist predator, suggests that we are not doing enough to prevent human-wolf interactions from increasing over time, compromising the conservation of this species in the future. The results also suggest that management and conflict resolution should not be generalized but must be site specific as the wolf is so plastic in its behaviour. In conclusion, the study of the spatial and trophic ecology of the wolf with an adequate consideration of its quickly evolving distribution has increased knowledge of this species, opening up interesting prospects for its management on a large and small scale.
Non più abituati a un elevato grado di naturalità, i Paesi sviluppati si trovano impreparati al ritorno di molte specie animali scomparse in seguito a dure persecuzioni. In particolare, il ritorno dei grandi carnivori nei paesaggi dominati dall'uomo apre nuovi scenari e nuove sfide per la coesistenza. Indagare l'ecologia del lupo tenendo conto delle sue dimensioni temporali e spaziali, sfruttando le tecnologie avanzate del settore come la telemetria GPS o le trappole con telecamera, consentirebbe di comprendere meglio l'ecologia di questo predatore anche nei contesti più antropizzati e meno studiati, fornendo utili implicazioni gestionali per le diverse situazioni, con l'obiettivo di migliorare le misure di mitigazione dei conflitti. Nei capitoli 1 e 2 ho studiato la ricolonizzazione di una popolazione di lupo e l'ecologia spaziale su larga e fine scala, considerando fattori ambientali come il grado di antropizzazione e il livello di naturalità. Nei capitoli 3 e 4 ho studiato il comportamento predatorio del lupo e la dissuasione di un individuo particolarmente audace utilizzando proiettili di gomma. Un'interpretazione complessiva dei risultati ha mostrato che il lupo tende a evitare la sovrapposizione spaziale con gli esseri umani, ma che una volta raggiunte alte densità e non potendo più evitarli, convive con loro sfruttando le risorse derivate dall'uomo. È probabile che le misure di mitigazione promosse e attuate finora non siano più sufficienti o adatte a ridurre il conflitto uomo-lupo, che si sta spostando dall'ambiente rurale ai grandi insediamenti umani. Questa evidenza dovrebbe essere presa in considerazione se si vuole mitigare efficacemente il conflitto. La scoperta che le risorse antropiche in alcuni contesti hanno influenzato il ruolo ecologico di questo predatore opportunista e generalista, suggerisce che non stiamo facendo abbastanza per evitare che le interazioni uomo-lupo aumentino nel tempo, compromettendo la conservazione di questa specie in futuro. I risultati suggeriscono inoltre che la gestione e la risoluzione dei conflitti non dovrebbero essere generalizzate, ma specifiche per ogni sito, dato che il lupo è così plastico nel suo comportamento. In conclusione, lo studio dell'ecologia spaziale e trofica del lupo, con un'adeguata considerazione della sua distribuzione in rapida evoluzione, ha aumentato le conoscenze su questa specie, aprendo interessanti prospettive per la sua gestione su grande e piccola scala.
TECHONOLOGICAL TOOLS IN WILDLIFE RESEARCH ANDMANAGEMENT: ANALYSES OF BEHAVIOUR AND DAMAGEPREVENTION METHODS BY WOLF, IN A HUMAN-DOMINATEDLANDSCAPES / Zanni, Michele. - (2023 Dec 19).
TECHONOLOGICAL TOOLS IN WILDLIFE RESEARCH ANDMANAGEMENT: ANALYSES OF BEHAVIOUR AND DAMAGEPREVENTION METHODS BY WOLF, IN A HUMAN-DOMINATEDLANDSCAPES.
ZANNI, Michele
2023-12-19
Abstract
No longer used to a high degree of naturalness, developed countries find are unprepared for the return of many animal species that disappeared following harsh persecution. In particular, the return of large carnivores to human-dominated landscapes opens up new scenarios and new challenges for coexistence. Investigating the ecology of the wolf with a consideration of its temporal and spatial dimensions, harnessing the industry's advanced technology as GPS telemetry or camera traps, would allow for a better understanding of the ecology of this predator even in the most anthropised and least studied contexts, providing useful management implications for different situations, with the aim of improving conflict mitigation measures. In Chapters 1 and 2 I studied the recolonisation of a wolf population and the spatial ecology on a large and fine scale, considering environmental factors such as the degree of anthropisation and the level of naturalness. In Chapters 3 and 4, I studied the wolf's predatory behaviour and the dissuasion of a particularly bold individual using rubber bullets. An overall interpretation of the results showed that the wolf tends to avoid spatial overlap with humans, but that once it has reached high densities and can no longer avoid them, it lives with them by exploiting human derived resources. It is likely that the mitigation measures promoted and implemented so far are no longer sufficient or suitable to reduce the human-wolf conflict, which is shifting from the rural environment to large human settlements. This evidence should be considered if the conflict is to be mitigated effectively. The finding that anthropogenic resources in some contexts have influenced the ecological role of this opportunistic, generalist predator, suggests that we are not doing enough to prevent human-wolf interactions from increasing over time, compromising the conservation of this species in the future. The results also suggest that management and conflict resolution should not be generalized but must be site specific as the wolf is so plastic in its behaviour. In conclusion, the study of the spatial and trophic ecology of the wolf with an adequate consideration of its quickly evolving distribution has increased knowledge of this species, opening up interesting prospects for its management on a large and small scale.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS IN WILDLIFE RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT: ANALYSES OF BEHAVIOUR AND DAMAGE PREVENTION METHODS BY WOLF, IN A HUMAN-DOMINATED LANDSCAPE.
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