Salute dentoparodontale in gravidanza e sue correlazioni con la salute sistemica: studio epidemiologico longitudinale in un campione di donne gravide milanesi

According to recent evidence, periodontal diseases may represent a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth (<37 weeks) and/or low birth weight (<2500 g) as well as they are supposed to be related to systemic diseases like for example cardiovascular diseases, which are often characterized by a hyperinflammatory trait and are in turn associated to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this report was to analyze oral and systemic conditions in a sample of postpartum women and investigate a possible relationship between oral and systemic pathologies and adverse pregnancy outcomes. 363 post-partum women were interviewed and underwent a dental and periodontal examination within 5 days from delivery. Data was collected about sociodemographic status, smoking habit, oral hygiene habits, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level and dental status. Basing on pregnancy outcomes, the sample was divided in 120 cases (28 women affected by preeclampsia, 33 by IUGR, 41 by PROM, 9 who delivered low birth babies, 26 who delivered preterm and 43 who delivered preterm low weight babies) and 243 controls. In the present study a strong correlation was observed between adverse pregnancy outcome and the presence of a maternal pathology. Considering single pathologies, allergies, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were significantly associated to cases. A correlation was observed between adverse pregnancy outcomes and a high maternal bleeding index. No statistically significant correlation was found with periodontal markers like probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level, or with DMFT index.