Civis/civitas: la cittadinanza in Roma antica (dalregnumalla fine dell’Età Repubblicana): termini, concetti, sistema giuridico-religioso

This doctoral thesis is dedicated to the study ofcivitas Romana, with particular regard to the origins, in the period fromregnumto the late Republican age. The first chapter is devoted to the analysis of the legal-religious lexicon that identifies the citizen and the citizenship, with an in depth analysis of the wordscaput,populus Romanus Quirites,civisandcivitas. Finally, I have analyzed the wordshostisandperegrinus: used, in the Roman legal terminology, in opposite way to the Roman citizen notion. In the second chapter brings out the main features of Roman citizenship; investigated, especially, in comparison with the founding values of the legal-religious Roman system, such aslibertas,jus,religioand‘alieni’. This analysis has better defined the Roman citizenship, as the institute that combinescivesfree, connected by the same jus and the same religion, and characterized by flexibility and openness toalienus; aspects, these last two, perfectly explained in the concept ofcivitas augescens, where the ethnic element, since the Rome foundation, doesn’t had a lot of influence. The third chapter is devoted to analyze in the main techniques of the grant Roman citizenship, wherebycivisandcivitashave both the power to grant citizenship in Rome.