Differenze di genere nei neonati figli di madri diabetiche

Aims: to evaluate two populations of women: one consisting of patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DMI) and another from patient with gestational diabetes mellitus (GMD) and the prevalence of maternal-fetal and neonatal outcomes based on gender differences.Methods: Retrospective study of 57 pregnant women with DMI (24 women, 43%) and GDM (33 women, 57%). Inclusion criteria were: single pregnancy, pregestational diagnosis of type I diabetes. We reported the type of insulin and the number of units per day which was self-administered. We reported the duration of pregnancy, any comorbidities and the value of glycated hemoglobin, whenever possible, in the first trimester of pregnancy. Each woman's obstetric history has been collected as nulliparity, multiparity, history of previous abortions, a history of previous fetal deaths and pre-eclampsia. Obstetric maternal-fetal outcomes we analyzed were: pre-eclampsia, elective caesarean section performed or urgency, preterm birth, P-PROM, polyhydramnios, placental abruption, stillbirth and perinatal death and other obstetric complications related to underlying disease. We also considered the percentage of infants admitted to NICU for the appearance of acute respiratory distress syndrome and low Apgar score at 5 minutes after birth.Results: Although not statistically significant our study has shown that some maternal fetal outcomes such as RDS and IUGR affect predominantly fetal-neonatal male population, especially in the Group of patients with DMI.Conclusions: We reported gender difference in materno-fetal outcomes in diabetic pregnant women but further studies on larger sample size are needed before drawing definitive conclusions.