Management in industry 4.0: sustainability and new perspectives

According to a recent economic debate, the miracle of Silicon Valley, which many European countries would like to replicate, is the result of huge investments, led by the public sector, even when decentralized (Mazzucato and Perez 2014). The Californian experience shows that economic growth is not only stimulated through taxes but can also in part be credited to funding that is qualitative rather than quantitative. An innovative force arises when private enterprise is inserted into an ecosystem capable of activating shared co-creation paths of value. No “innovative” experience can therefore disregard the intervention of the State. Without it, it would be difficult to encourage companies – especially small and medium-sized ones – to use new technologies and implement the smart factory concept.